Copied from:
AlAfghani, MM and Paramita D, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Phasing-Out Regulation in Indonesia, Final Report. All rights reserved.
The Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), known as Stockholm Convention, was adopted in 2001 and entered into force in 2004. The purpose of the convention is to restrict and eventually prohibit the production, use, emission, import and export of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)7. Twelve initial chemicals, known as the ‘poison without passport’ or dirty dozen were initially identified by the convention for eventual elimination. Different categories of POPs listed in the convention is as follows:
Categories of POPs Based on Stockholm Convention[1]
|
Annex A Chemicals for Elimination |
Annex B Chemicals for Restricted Use |
Annex C Chemicals which are Unintentionally Produced8 |
| Aldrin | Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT) | Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) |
| Chlordane | Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonlyl fluoride | Dibenzofurans (PCDF) |
| Chlordecone |
- |
Hexachlorbenzene |
| Dieldrin |
- |
Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) |
| Decabromodiphenyl ether (commercial mixture, c-decaBDE) |
- |
Pentachlorobenzena |
| Endrin |
- |
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) |
| Heptachlor |
- |
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) |
| Hexabrombiphenyl |
- |
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) |
| Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) |
- |
Polychlorinated napthalenes |
| Hexabromodiphenyl ether and heptabromodiphenyl ether (commercial octabromodiphenyl ether) |
- |
- |
| Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) |
- |
- |
| Hexachlorobutadiene |
- |
- |
| Alpha hexachlorocyclohexane |
- |
- |
| Beta hexachlorocyclohexane |
- |
- |
| Lindane |
- |
- |
| Mirex |
- |
- |
| Pentachlorobenzene |
- |
- |
| Pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters |
- |
- |
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) |
- |
- |
| Polychlorinated napthalenes |
- |
- |
| Short-chain chlorinated parffins (SCCPs) |
- |
- |
| Technical endosulfan and its related isomers |
- |
- |
| Tetrabromoduphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether |
- |
- |
| Toxaphene |
- |
- |
In terms of PCBs the Convention mandates the parties to take action as follows:
Annex A, Part II
The parties shall take action by 2015, with priorities:
Article 5: Measure to reduce/eliminate releases from unintentional production and Annex C: Unintentional Production:
Each Party shall take measures to reduce the release of chemicals listed in Annex C (unintentionally produced) and where action should be taken to reduce and eventually eliminate releases, which includes: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), Dibenzofurans (PCDF), hexachlorbenzene, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
In general, the Stockholm convention sets the deadline of 2025 (for the use of PCB in equipment) and 2028 (for final elimination of PCBs). However, it is acknowledged in the COP 8th meeting that these deadlines are not realistic since the parties are far from achieving the two key goals[3]. Nevertheless, since there have been no new deadlines being stipulated, it means that the formal deadlines (2025 and 2028) remains although they are unlikely to be met.
Indonesia has ratified the Convention through Law No. 19 of 2009.
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[1] Based on the recent list of POPs in the Convention, see: http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/ThePOPs/TheNewPOPs/tabid/2511/Default.aspx
[3] http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/ConferenceoftheParties/Meetings/COP8/tabid/5309/Default.aspx
8 Actions should be taken to reduce and eventually eliminate releases the chemicals under this Annex
9 Annex A, Part II (b)
10 Annex A, Part II (c)
11 Annex A, Part II (d)
12 Annex A, Part II (e)
13 Annex A, Part II (f)
14 Annex A, Part II (g)